Oceans covered much of Mars in the ancient past, and seasonal dark streaks observed on the Red Planet's surface today may be caused by salty flowing water.įurther, NASA's Curiosity rover has found carbon-containing organic molecules and "fixed" nitrogen, basic ingredients necessary for Earth-like life, on the Martian surface.įarther afield, observations by NASA's Kepler space telescope suggest that nearly every star in the sky hosts planets - and many of these worlds may be habitable. The key is to build a body of evidence that cannot be explained away by anything other than biology, says Vago.For example, oceans of liquid water slosh beneath the icy shells of the Jupiter moons Europa and Ganymede, as well as that of the Saturn satellite Enceladus. If we happen upon past life relics, we need to be able to tick a good number of independent biosignatures and to do it repeatedly with various samples, says Vago. Depending on how they were entombed, they may be preserved, he says. The microbes would have died long ago the cell membranes would have ruptured and their chemical guts spread into the geological record, says Vago. When organisms are metabolically active, they can repair any radiation induced damage so we would have access to a high concentration of biomolecules, he says. Present life would give itself away via the sheer quantity and good state of preservation of the biomolecules, says Vago. ![]() When it comes semantics at a hypothetical post-detection press conference, he says that rather than ‘this was/is life,’ official statements are more likely to read: ‘Currently, the only explanation for our results is life we could not think of any other way to produce our findings.’ Will MOMA be able to differentiate between past and present life? We need both sides for a consistent interpretation, he says. The optimists will declare to have seen evidence for life while the pessimists will carefully search for non-biological explanations, says Goesmann. While the identification of molecules will most likely contain little ambiguity, the significance for “life detection” is tricky, he says. What is MOMA’s biggest scientific challenge?Ĭonverting results into significance, Fred Goesmann, MOMA’s Principal Investigator, and a planetary scientist at Germany’s Max Planck Institute in Gottingen, told me via email. The probability that we may find something that is suggestive of life is something like 50%, he says. The probability that we will find organic molecules, I think is like 100%, says Vago. This will enable the team to avoid sample contamination by perchlorates, colorless and odorless salts, that can be an unwanted byproduct of the kind of heat needed to conduct such sample analysis. Instead of thermal heat, MOMA will use a laser to separate the largest organic compounds from the minerals to which they were originally bound. Then these gas phase chemical samples will undergo onboard analysis to determine if they look promising for biology in both their makeup and their distribution. To do so, MOMA will either use heat or ultraviolet laser pulses to convert chemical species in the samples into a gas phase. ![]() Mass spectrometers measure the chemical makeup and mass of given substances in gaseous states. MOMA must first vaporize the compounds it collects so they can be detected by the instrument’s mass spectrometer. Dig a foot and a half below the surface and the temperature is minus 60 degrees Fahrenheit it's a wonderful freezer, he says. Once Mars lost its surface water, it turned very cold, says Vago. The ensuing cold temperatures beneath the surface would also have aided in their preservation. ![]() Once Mars lost its water and dried out, these microbial colonies would have turned into microfossils preserved by this sedimentary ash. Because Mars is thought to have been very volcanically active at the time, ash from its volcanoes would have fallen on its ocean’s surface. Some four billion years ago, it’s likely there were microbial colonies living in some sort of hydrothermal system beneath the surface of Oxia Planum.
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Other programs CalifeĬalife lets you run commands as another user by typing your own password, if authorized. Notably, systemd-based systems will prompt you for the root password when you boot this way. On many systems booting into single user mode will give the user access to a root shell without prompting for a password. You can also get to single user mode by using the telinit command: telinit 1 however, this command requires you to already have gotten root privileges via some other method in order to run. Typically, this is the smallest number of services required to have a usable system. Rather, the system will only start the services defined for run-level 1. Note that booting into single-user mode is not the same as booting the system normally and logging in as root. You can boot into single user mode by passing single or emergency on the kernel command line. This is intended primarily for emergency maintenance situations where booting into a multi-user run-level is not possible. Single user mode, or run-level 1, also gives you root privileges. Logging in directly as root is mainly useful in emergency situations, such as disk failures or when you've locked yourself out of your account. Be very careful, and avoid running complex applications as root as they might do something you didn't intend. If there is a root password set and you are in possession of it, you can simply type root at the login prompt and enter the root password. (The point is to limit the damage if the root password is accidentally leaked to someone.) Logging in as root On some systems, you need to be in group number 0 (called wheel) to use su. ![]() To run multiple commands as root, it is more convenient to start an interactive shell. Note that you need quotes so that the command is not parsed by your shell, but passed intact to the root shell that su runs. The command to run must be passed using the -c option. ![]() When run with no user specified, su will default to the root account. It lets you run a command as another user, provided you know that user's password. The su command exists on most unix-like systems. Read the sudoers man page for more information use sudo visudo to edit the sudoers file. Sudo is very configurable for example it can be configured to let a certain user only execute certain commands as root. The difference is that -i re initializes the environment to sane defaults, whereas -s uses your configuration files for better or for worse.įor more information, see the sudo website, or type man sudo on your system. Sometimes, it is more convenient to run an interactive shell as root. If you need to run several commands as root, prefix each of them with sudo. a typo.) It is often configured to not ask again for a few minutes so you can run several sudo commands in succession. (The purpose is to limit the damage if you leave your keyboard unattended and unlocked, and also to ensure that you really wish to run that command and it wasn't e.g. Sudo requires that you type your own password. If you don't know a separate root password, use this method. This is the preferred method on most systems, including Ubuntu, Linux Mint, (arguably) Debian, and others. Running a shell command as root sudo (preferred when not running a graphical display)
![]() “EVs are fast,” Ahire says, “and the eCrate performance is equal to or better than an internal combustion engine.” While so much industry talk these days is focused on electrification, Ahire makes clear that Chevrolet Performance respects both technologies. We decided there’s absolutely no need for a fake engine sound.” Lingenfelter says the original plan was to install an emulator that would re-create the roar of a V8 engine that enthusiasts love: “But when we finished the car and heard the electric sound, it’s kind of a jet engine sound, not loud, but it has a power to it - we loved it. A traditional install where they couldn’t see anything would not have been as accepted.” “The El Camino brings the electric side of it to a much more visual level. “If they can see it, they can evaluate it and ask questions,” Lingenfelter says. Lingenfelter instead mounted all the electronics and wires and components right under the hood to look like a regular engine. In place of the engine, most EVs offer a place for more stuff. ![]() Or at least nothing like what you find in a vehicle powered by internal combustion. Pop the hood on most production EVs, and what you typically see is nothing. The Lingenfelter team was purposeful from the start. “It’s a cool car and enthusiasts love it.” That’s one reason they chose the El Camino as the canary to send into the electrified coal mine. “We wanted this car to build a bridge for traditional car folks, to help them get past the mental barriers around electrification,” company owner and CEO Ken Lingenfelter says. ![]() If your goal with that poster ad is to send your target network to your LinkedIn accounts, you have two options: Display the entire link or use a LinkedIn QR Code. With a QR Code that is fully customizable, scales up or down with the size of your medium, and works for both LinkedIn profiles and pages, you have complete power to use your LinkedIn QR Code however you want. ![]() Easily share your LinkedIn links from print mediums The LinkedIn app simply has nothing on us!ģ. Our free LinkedIn QR Code Generator gives you a lot more control over how your QR Code looks, including frames, colors, your logo in the middle, and the ability to download your QR Code into different file formats for use on other mediums. If you create QR Codes with the LinkedIn app, those QR Codes are automatically generated and cannot be customized. All you need to do is copy and paste the link into our QR Code Generator above, and voila! LinkedIn does not have the functionality to create QR Codes for company pages, but we do. ![]() QR Codes for your LinkedIn profile and company page Nonetheless, there are a few reasons why using QR Code Generator takes your LinkedIn QR Code to the next level:ġ. If you’re a regular LinkedIn user, you might have noticed that LinkedIn already has the function to create a QR Code for personal profiles within the app. 6 reasons why generating your own QR Code is more effective than using LinkedIn ![]() In December 1931, the Australian currency was devalued by 25%, so that one pound five shillings Australian was equivalent to one pound sterling. Like the UK pound, it was divided into 240 pence, or 20 shillings (each comprising 12 pence). The Australian pound (A£) was introduced in 1910, at par with the pound sterling (A£1 = UK£1). However, the recommendation was not acted upon. In 1902, a select committee of the House of Representatives, chaired by George Edwards, had recommended that Australia adopt a single, national decimal currency, with a pound divided into ten florins and each florin comprising 100 cents. For another 10 years, colonial banknotes and coins continued to be the main circulating currencies. Hence Federation was not seen as urgently requiring a single, unified currency. See also: History of Australian currency Background īefore Federation in 1901, the six colonies that comprised Australia had separate currencies, all of which closely replicated the British currency system, and were usually exchangeable with each other on a one-to-one basis. Australian coins are now produced at the Royal Australian Mint in Canberra. These, however, although having the status of legal tender, are almost never circulated or used in payment of debts, and are mostly considered bullion coins. ![]() Under this provision the Perth Mint, owned by the Western Australian government, still produces gold and silver coins with legal tender status, the Australian Gold Nugget and Australian Silver Kookaburra. Section 115 of the Constitution provides: "A State shall not coin money, nor make anything but gold and silver coin a legal tender in payment of debts." The currency power must be read in conjunction with other parts of the Australian Constitution. Section 51(xii) of the Constitution of Australia gives the Commonwealth (federal) Parliament the power to legislate with respect to "currency, coinage, and legal tender". In 2016, there were A$71.12 billion in Australian currency in circulation, or A$2,932 per person in Australia, which includes cash reserves held by the banking system and cash in circulation in other countries or held as a foreign exchange reserve. On the introduction of the currency, the $ symbol was intended to have two strokes, but the version with one stroke has also always been acceptable. The Australian dollar was introduced on 14 February 1966 to replace the pre-decimal Australian pound, with the conversion rate of two dollars to the pound (A£1 = A$2). As of 2022, it is currently the sixth most-traded currency in the foreign exchange market and also the seventh most-held reserve currency in global reserves. The Australian dollar ( sign: $ code: AUD also abbreviated A$ or sometimes AU$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies and also referred to as the dollar or Aussie dollar) is the official currency and legal tender of Australia, including all of its external territories, and three independent sovereign Pacific Island states: Kiribati, Nauru, and Tuvalu. Tuvaluan dollar and Kiribati dollar at par ![]() ![]() Stairs and Chute Toy (Russian, Little Geese).Dolls (Japanese, Komori Uta [Twinkle Twinkle).Cardboard Bricks (French, Counting 1-20).Stairs and Chute Toy (English, Jack and Jill).Opening Titles (Baby Einstein Theme, Weisbach). ![]() Video Guide Baby Einstein Language Nursery Carol Verbrugge Dove Foundation Review Board Video of the Year Parenting Magazine Child Magazine. Videos by The Baby Einstein Company are far the best I've ever for very young children. Sure to delight you and your child time and again. Baby Mozart is a playful, imaginative introduction for infants and toddlers to the music of Mozart, performed in a baby-friendly style by The Baby Einstein Music Box Orchestra. Mozart's music, both timeless and lovely, has been shown to effects people of all ages in positive ways. Babies on every continent have responded with joy and delight to the intriguing combination of sights and sounds found on these award-winning videos.īased on recent language research, Baby Einstein presents visually stimulating toys, kinetic art, photos and patterns set of music, sound effects and nursery rhymes recited by real moms in their native languages of English, Spanish, French, German, Hebrew, Japanese, and Russian. The Baby Einstein and Baby Mozart videos have become worldwide phenomenons. At Baby Einstein, we're committed to exposing young children to the greatest forms of human expression language poetry, music, science, and art in a way they love. ![]() Discoloration easily accrues because of moisture. ![]() Dark toning is the natural state of very old copper when not protected. In the row of Lincoln cents are many of the problems that easily affect copper coins. An example is the 1833 Half Cent pictured. Collectors find fascination in the different designs and symbolism as well as the different alloys of US coinage. The coins themselves are the visual enjoyment, miniature works of art. Rising and falling mintages alone reflect the changing commerce throughout history. US coins date back to the beginnings of the country its exploration and settlement. ![]() Step 4: | Special Qualities Enhancing ValueĬollecting coins is a visual as well as a historical pursuit. In Step 1 above, follow the image links to each coin series and in-depth grading. ![]() □Each coin design has its own features to judge and determine grades. Images, video, and descriptions are used to compare your coin and help narrow both the condition and value. Amount of wear is a major difference in values represented on the charts. In the example, Lincoln remains well outline, however, only small portions of hair, face, and coat show any small details.Ĭollectors inspect each coin very closely. Good Grade: Once heavy wear has removed most of the design, a coin is judged and defined within the Good Grade. Notice there remains contours separating the temple, cheek, and jaw. The example penny show flatness on Lincoln's cheek and jaw line. Major parts of the design are well detailed, small high relief areas are smooth. Look closely at Lincoln's hair, only minor wear shows.įine Grade: Coins with moderate wear are defined as Fine grade. Next, Extremely Fine Grade: Light wear only, with just slight removal of high points of the design defines a coin in Extremely Fine Grade. On Wheat cents, Lincoln's cheek remains without any dulling or smoothing from wear. Key parts of the coin are examined to confirm absence of wear. The grade and definition of a coin without wear is Mint State Grade.įirst penny in the image is the Mint State Grade. Different stages of wear are defined by a Grade. When used and circulated through commerce, parts of the design begin to wear down and loose detail. When first minted a coin has no wear to the surface. Judging and Grading the condition of the coins' surface. Step 3: | Grading Condition | Old Coin Values are ConditionalĬondition: Now begins an important part to the value of old coins. □ In Step 1: Images link to pages going into detail identifying mintmarks and their locations. The Denver coin is the scarce variety because of low mintage and identified by the "D" mintmark under the date. 1914 Lincoln pennies were minted at both Philadelphia and Denver. Each mintmark variety having different original mintages, availability, and demand, depending on the series. Today, coins are collected by date and mintmark combination. The dime represents the very popular "CC" mintmark of the Carson City mint. For example, the Denver mint places a "D" mintmark on all coins it strikes. Branch mints were added across the country overtime and each placed a mintmark on coins to indicate their production. Philadelphia mint is the original and primary mint of the US with coinage beginning in 1793. Information specific to the series is found by following the tap/click image link.īelow the images - Step 2 continues: Understanding the importance of identifying date and mintmark combinations. Step 1: | Recognize the Different Series of CoinsĬoins are grouped by denomination with the major series represented in the images. Awareness of a few key qualities adds to the assessment.įollow these steps for each coin to greatly increase proper evaluation. Step 4: Special Qualities - Old coins because of age, metals involved, and changing minting processes, each have qualities to identify.Step 3: Grading Condition - Judging condition is done with a close inspection and comparing to standards for the grade.Ranges of scarcity and demand are identified. Step 2: Date and Mintmark Variety - Within series, dates become important to collectors, along with mintmark combination.New to old series are valued separately, each is listed. Step 1: Recognize the Different Series of Coins - Design changes often occur during a minting year. The content relating to real estate for sale on this web site comes in part from the IDX program of the RMLS™ of Portland, Oregon. The listing broker's offer of compensation is made only to participants of the MLS where the listing is filed and if applicable, to participants of reciprocating MLS's as set forth in Association/MLS reciprocal agreements. Data is deemed reliable but is not guaranteed accurate by NEFMLS. IDX information is provided exclusively for personal, non-commercial use, and may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties consumers may be interested in purchasing. Information is deemed reliable but not guaranteed. The listing broker’s offer of compensation is made only to participants of the MLS where the listing is filed. Properties may or may not be listed by the office/agent presenting the information All information should be independently reviewed and verified for accuracy. All data, including all measurements and calculations of area, is obtained from various sources and has not been, and will not be, verified by broker or MLS. as of 06:16:31 PDT and /or other sources. The viewer should independently verify the listed data prior to making any decisions based on such information by personal inspection and/or contacting a real estate professional.īased on information from California Regional Multiple Listing Service, Inc. All listing data, including but not limited to square footage and lot size is believed to be accurate, but the listing Agent, listing Broker and CRMLS and its affiliates do not warrant or guarantee such accuracy. Information provided is for viewer's personal, non-commercial use and may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties the viewer may be interested in purchasing. ("CRMLS") and is protected by all applicable copyright laws. ![]() The multiple listing data appearing on this website, or contained in reports produced therefrom, is owned and copyrighted by California Regional Multiple Listing Service, Inc. © 2023 First Multiple Listing Service, Inc. If you believe any FMLS listing contains material that infringes your copyrighted work please () to review our DMCA policy and learn how to submit a takedown request. Information is deemed reliable but is not guaranteed. The listing brokerage is identified in any listing details. Listings identified with the FMLS IDX logo come from FMLS and are held by brokerage firms other than the owner of this website. ![]() One might assume that a cheetah, renowned for its speed and predatory prowess, would have little in common with a domesticated dog. It’s a charming reminder that we can find companionship and comfort in the most unexpected places. These two furry creatures are always side by side, whether grazing in the field or napping together. Their unlikely bond has been documented through various social media platforms, and it’s not hard to see why. Such is the case with a llama and sheep duo that have captured the hearts of many. In a world where differences seem to divide us more than ever, it’s heartwarming to know that animals can still break down those barriers with friendship. The owl’s keen eyesight complemented the fox’s agile movements, creating a symbiotic relationship that showcased the remarkable adaptability of nature’s creatures. The unlikely duo seemed to have formed an unlikely alliance, perhaps benefiting from the synergy of their contrasting abilities. In the forests of Norway, wildlife photographer Tanja Askani stumbled upon an extraordinary sight-an owl perched on the back of a fox. Nature’s wonders never cease to amaze us, as seen in the captivating friendship between an owl and a fox. Watch a Great White Shark next to a surfer in California.Bald Eagle Swoops Down and Snatches Small Dog.Heroic Florida Man Saves Beloved Dog from Jaws of Gigantic Alligator.Motherly Love: Witness Scenes From Africa’s Wild Moms. ![]() Puma’s Jaw-Dropping Face-off with a Guanaco.3D-Printed Brace Restores Sea Turtle’s Health and Hope.The Top 10 Fastest Animals in The World.Discovering The Potency Of King Cobra Bites.Sunscreen, sunglasses, and a hat are recommended. Restrooms are available during the stop at Amani Point. For the health and safety of wildlife, service animals are not permitted on Wildlife Safaris. If anyone in your party requires the use of a wheelchair during the tour, after booking, please call 61 so we can notate your order prior to your visit. Guests may bring drinking water closed-lid containers are recommended. A separate admission ticket or membership is required for Safari Park entry parking is not included.įor the safety of our wildlife and the comfort of our guests, outside food and beverages, selfie sticks, and tripods (except tripods used as monopods) are not permitted. Guests will be required to show ID or proof of age at check-in to be served alcohol. Maximum 3 children ages 15 and younger per adult.Īges 21 and older. Ages 15 and younger must be accompanied by a paid adult. If anyone in your party requires the use of a wheelchair during the tour, after booking, please call 61 so we can notate your order prior to your visit.Īges 6 and older. Drinking water in closed-lid containers is recommended. In the event of cancellation, efforts will be made to reschedule you on a later tour.įor the safety of our animals and the comfort of our guests, outside food and beverages, selfie sticks, and tripods (except tripods used as monopods) are not permitted. The San Diego Zoo Safari Park reserves the right to cancel or reroute a tour due to inclement weather, animal health, and/or safety concerns. Wildlife Safaris are an all-weather event, however during periods of inclement weather please call 61 to check the status of your tour. Less than 5 days, payment is non-refundable. Cancellations received 5 days before scheduled program are subject to a $25 Cancellation Fee. Change/Cancellation: Reservations may be changed up to 5 days before the program and will be subject to a $15 Administrative Change Fee. Maximum 3 children ages 15 and younger per adult.Ī separate admission ticket or membership is required for Safari Park entry parking is not included. ![]() In: Silva IM, Marques TP, Andrade G (eds) ECLAS Conference Porto 2014. įarinha-Marques P, Fernandes C, Lameiras JM, Guilherme F (2014) Urban green structure in the city of Porto: morphology and biodiversity. CIBIO-Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, Porto. Book II-Habitat Mapping and Characterization. Garant, Antwerp-Apeldoornįarinha-Marques P, Fernandes C, Guilherme F, Lameiras JM, Alves P, Bunce R (2015) Morphology and Biodiversity in the Urban Green Spaces of the City of Porto. Off J Eur Commun L206:7–50ĭaniels GD, Kirkpatrick JB (2006) Does variation in garden characteristics influence the conservation of birds in suburbia? Biol Conserv 133:326–335ĭewaelheyns V, Bomans K, Gulinck H (eds) (2011) The Powerful Garden: emerging views on the garden complex. Science 199(4335):1302–1310Ĭouncil of the European Communities (1992) Council Directive 92/43/EEC on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora. ![]() Landscape Urban Plan 90:11–19Ĭonnell JH (1978) Diversity in tropical rain forests and coral reefs. Urban Ecosyst 10:255–274Ĭavia R, Cueto GR, Suárez OV (2009) Changes in rodent communities according to the landscape structure in an urban ecosystem. Invest Agrar 15(3):249–261īyrne L (2007) Habitat structure: a fundamental concept and framework for urban soil ecology. Landscape Ecol 23:11–25īunce RGH, Pérez-Soba M, Gómez-Sanz V, García del Barrio JM, Elena-Rosselló R (2006) European framework for survaillance and monitoring of habitats: a methodological approach for Spain. Wageningen, Alterraīunce RGH, Metzger MJ, Jongman RHG, Brandt J, de Blust G, Elena-Rossello R, Groom GB, Halada L, Hofer G, Howard DC, Kovár P, Mücher CA, Padoa-Schioppa E, Paelinx D, Palo A, Perez-Soba M, Ramos IL, Roche P, Skanes H, Wrbka T (2008) A standardized procedure for surveillance and monitoring European habitats and provision of spatial data. Wageningen, Alterraīunce RGH, Groom GB, Jongman RHG, Padoa-Schioppa E (eds) (2005) Handbook for surveillance and monitoring of European habitats (Alterra report 1219). Ecol Indic 33:19–25īunce RGH, Bogers MMB, Roche P, Walczak M, Geijzendorffer IR, Jongman RHG (2011) Manual for habitat and vegetation surveillance and monitoring: temperate, mediterranean and desert biomes (Alterra report 2154). Ecol Econ 29:293–301īunce RGH, Bogers MMB, Evans D, Halada L, Jongman RHG, Mucher CA, Bauch B, de Blust G, Parr TW, Olsvig-Whittaker L (2013) The significance of habitats as indicators of biodiversity and their links to species. Geogr Tidsskr 106(2):61–74īolund P, Hunhammar S (1999) Ecosystem services in urban areas. Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeåīloch-Petersen M, Brandt J, Olsen M (2006) Integration of European habitat monitoring based on plant life form composition as an indicator of environmental change and change in biodiversity. As the categories transcend species, the method is applicable in a wide range of urban areas.Īllard A (2010) Variables and classifications, Conversion of the set of variables from the Swedish NILS Programme into the General Habitat Categories of the European EBONE Project (report 295 2010). The proposed methodology can be expressed in spatial formats and designed to inform urban planning processes and decisions regarding the conservation of green spaces and biodiversity. Because the units are defined according to consistent rules, sites can be repeatedly surveyed to monitor change. ResultsĮxamples of the procedure are included for a park in Porto, Portugal. Data are recorded on standard forms which are linked to the mapped units. Guidelines are provided for the mapping process, with site visits being used to elaborate the initial interpretation of remote sensed images. Site Descriptors, Vegetation Layers and species are used to add further detail. Urban Habitat Categories (UHCs) have been developed based on plant life forms, and adapted to the requirements of urban areas new Non-Life Form categories are used to define Artificial Built Elements. A standardized procedure is presented for the classification and mapping of urban habitats, termed Urban Habitats Biodiversity Assessment (UrHBA), designed to capture the fine detail of urban ecosystems and provide spatial data suitable for analysis and communication. ObjectivesĪ method is required to provide information on biodiversity and its spatial distribution in urban areas, for scientific objectives and urban planning. The existing procedures for consistent recording of habitats and biodiversity are not sufficient to adequately describe urban environments in a fine scale. Urban areas are traditionally overlooked by ecologists, but contain a wide range of biodiversity. |
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